![]() Magnetic flow meters are designed to be applied to systems moving conductive fluids such as water, acids, caustic, and slurries. According to Faraday’s Law, the voltage produced is proportional to the velocity of the flowing liquid. When the ions in the liquid pass through the magnetic field they cause a voltage signal that is sensed by electrodes placed on the pipe walls. In this case, a magnetic field is channeled into a conductive liquid flowing through a pipe. Magnetic flow meters measure fluid velocity using Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction. Applications which are common for vortex flow meters include water, wastewater, steam, pulp and paper, chemicals, and petrochemicals As the fluid passes the body, vortices, or swirls are created downstream in an alternating pattern similar to the way a flag flaps in the wind. A transducer (piezoelctric crystal, pressure sensor, ultrasonic sensor) is used to sense the vortices, and the frequency of those vortices is relative to the velocity of flow. Vortex flow meters use a bluff body, or shedder bar to interrupt flow. This type of meter is obviously better suited for aerated or dirty fluid applications. As flow is increased, the shift in frequency is proportional to particle velocity. ![]() ![]() The other type of ultrasonic flow meter, the “Doppler,” measures the frequency of sounds waves as they bounce off of particles or air bubbles in the flow stream. Transit time meters are best used for clean, non-aerated fluids. The difference in the time it takes the wave to travel upstream versus downstream is directly proportional to the velocity of the flow. “Transit time” meters send and receive ultrasonic waves between transducers in upstream and downstream directions. There are two types of ultrasonic flow meters, each using sound waves to measure the velocity of fluid moving through a piping system. These three components are frequently combined, so the actual flow meter may be more than one physical device. The transducer senses the fluid passing through the primary element, allowing the transmitter to generate a usable flow signal. These flow meters can be characterized as Volumetric.įlow meters are often composed of a primary element, transducer and transmitter. They use that information along with the pipe’s inner cross sectional area to calculate volume, or the amount of fluid passing through the system during a given time period (i.e. Most flow meters are designed to measure the velocity, or speed at which the fluid flows through a pipe. Flow meters measure the amount of liquid, gas or vapor passing through a piping system.
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